Karana
కరణం
Sanskrit: करण · Category: Panchanga
Quick Definition
Half of a tithi — there are 11 karanas, of which 4 are fixed (Shakuni, Chatushpada, Naga, Kimstughna) and 7 are repeating (Bava, Balava, Kaulava, ...).
Detailed Explanation
Each tithi has 2 karanas. Karanas are used in muhurtam selection — for instance, Bava and Balava are auspicious for new ventures, while Vishti (also called Bhadra) is inauspicious and should be avoided.
Where Karana Fits
This term belongs to the Panchanga (five limbs) — the classical Vedic calendar's five daily readings: Tithi (lunar day), Vara (weekday), Nakshatra (lunar mansion), Yoga (Sun-Moon combined position), and Karana (half-tithi). Together these five readings define the auspiciousness of every moment. See today's complete Panchanga to see all five for the current day, or the Panchangam guide for how each limb is calculated and used.
Common Questions About Vedic Terminology
Why do Vedic terms have Sanskrit, Telugu, and English forms — which one should I use?
All three are legitimate. Sanskrit (करण) is the original scriptural form found in the Vedas, Puranas, and Sutras. Telugu (కరణం) is the regional adaptation used in daily practice across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. English transliteration (Karana) is a modern convenience for cross-cultural communication. For ritual accuracy and mantra chanting, Sanskrit pronunciation matters. For everyday discussion — including with a purohit — Telugu is perfectly fine. In writing (blogs, calendars, apps), English transliteration is the practical choice for reach.
Where can I verify this term in the classical texts?
The definitions on this site are cross-referenced against the primary Vedic sources — Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (astrology), Muhurta Chintamani (electional), Surya Siddhanta (astronomy), Gṛhya Sūtras (household ritual), and the Rig/Yajur/Sama/Atharva Veda (foundational). Modern reference works include Panchanga Ganitam by K. S. Krishnamurti and the Rashtriya Panchang (Government of India). For deeper study, consult a qualified acharya or the glossary editorial team.
How is Karana used differently in North India vs South India?
Regional variations exist for almost every Vedic term. North Indian traditions (Vikram Samvat calendar, Purnimanta month convention) may compute or observe the same concept slightly differently from South Indian traditions (Shalivahana Shaka calendar, Amanta month convention). The underlying scriptural definition is the same; the applied practice varies. Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam traditions typically follow Amanta reckoning; Hindi, Marathi, and Gujarati traditions typically follow Purnimanta. For Panchanga readings, both systems produce equivalent results when interpreted correctly — differences are in nomenclature, not substance.
See Also
Related Terms
Author & Sources
Compiled by Pandit Ramachandra Sharma, Vedic Astrologer & Panchangam Scholar. Definitions cross-referenced against classical texts: Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra, Muhurta Chintamani, Surya Siddhanta, Gṛhya Sūtras. See the full Vedic Glossary for 58 terms across Panchanga, Astrology, Calendar, Dosha, Ritual, and Sanskara categories.